The Great Gatsby Essays (227 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby The American Dream is based on the belief that anyone can succeed in life by his or her own skill and effort. The Great Gatsby, is a novel about what happened to the American Dream in the 1920's, a period when the old values from which the dream emerged from, had been corrupted by the pursuit of wealth. Fitzgerald's critique of the dream of success is developed primarily through Nick, the narrator and observer, who sees and recounts what has gone wrong, Gatsby, who lives the dream purely, and Tom, Daisy, and Jordan, the ?foul dust?(6) who are the prime examples of the corruption of the dream. Gatsby is therefore portrayed as a romantic hero because he doesn't rest until his American Dream is fulfilled. Jay Gatsby, is a character whom we admire because he dedicates his whole life to fulfilling his dreams. He devotes all of his time trying to relive the past and to attain Daisy's love. In the past he had an affair with Daisy but she left him because he was not wealthy and was part of a low social class. He was born in a North Dakota farm and his real name was James Gatz . His parents were ?shiftless and unsuccessful farm people? and Gatsby worked worked on Lake Superior fishing for salmon and clam digging (104). English Essays

Benefits to Running Bleachers Essays

Benefits to Running Bleachers Essays Benefits to Running Bleachers Paper Benefits to Running Bleachers Paper Athletes, along with others trying to get into shape usually incorporate running bleachers into their exercise routines. This activity has a variety of health and physical fitness benefit. One obvious benefit is the ability for body to develop more efficiently than running on a flat surface. Another benefit is the increase of the heart rate. The heart rate increases because the activity is much more intense than running regularly or jogging. Jogging bleachers requires the exercise to be performed at a higher intensity. This type of workout helps to teach an individual’s cardiovascular system to recovery quickly. This is because after going up the bleachers and resting for a few seconds, the body needs to be ready to be able to work hard again once it is time to run back up. This workout is known as a cardiovascular exercise which is effective in burning calories. This helps to increase the body fat loss and allows the heart rate to elevate for at least 30 minutes. A big reason why most athletes run bleachers is because of its ability to increase leg power. In certain sports, such as basketball, soccer, football and track, leg power is necessary to better the performance of the player. Climbing up the bleacher requires the quadriceps and glute muscles in the legs to push off each step with force. Running bleachers also puts more of a variety into an average person’s workout. This prevents muscles from adapting and allows them to continue development. For runners, finding a set of bleachers to run can be considered a break from their same daily route, which will keep them from becoming tired. For those who are not runners, bleachers will most certainly help to work out the muscles throughout the legs. Although running bleachers can be considered cruel punishment in gym classes, it is an effective exercise that keeps the heart healthy and the legs muscular.

Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try

Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try It’s not a secret that many famous writers of the past and the present had, or still have, habits considered strange by other people. Nevertheless, strange writing habits were dearly cultivated and consistently practiced by writers to help them boost their creativity or productivity or to get them into the right mood for writing. Here’s a short list of habits belonging to some well-known writers that you can use. Haruki Murakami: Routine as part of the process.  A famous Japanese writer, Haruki Murakami, has a special procedure, which he adheres to every time he turns on his â€Å"writing mode,† as he calls it. In this mode, he gets up at 4 a.m. sharp, and works on his writing for several hours straight (usually, as Murakami says, it takes up to six hours). After that, he goes running (10 kilometers), swimming (1500 meters), or both. Finally, at the end of such a productive day, Murakami listens to some music and reads, and goes to bed at precisely 9 p.m.Murakami believes that such a ritual, performed for years without even the slightest variation, can work as a form of hypnosis that helps set his mind for writing. Vladimir Nabokov: Using index cards can help.  A famous writer, Vladimir Nabokov, was known to use small index cards to write his ideas, or sometimes even the fragments of his current or future stories and novels, on. There was no particular order for these cards, so he could simply toss them in a random order from time to time which he did, actually. This method could lead to unexpected plot twists and combinations. Nabokov kept some blank cards under his pillow in case he suddenly got an interesting idea in the middle of the night. Victor Hugo: Eliminate all distractions†¦ or isolate yourself from them.  The author of Notre-Dame de Paris was known to procrastinate from a lot. One of his favorite occupations was to simply stroll around the streets. Probably, he could do this all day long; otherwise why would he ask his relatives to take away all his clothes? Without clothes, he obviously couldn’t exit his house, so the only thing he could do under such circumstances was to stay at home and work on his novels. Aaron Sorkin: Talk to yourself.  The screenwriter behind the â€Å"Social Network† movie (and some others as well) confesses that his way of writing in particular, it refers to dialogues is to speak out loud. Turning into an actor, he plays the roles of his own characters. You can read the dialogues line by line in order to determine whether they sound natural, where the flaws are, and what can be improved. The trick is that audial perception helps the brain detect all kinds of mistakes and discrepancies more easily, without being distracted by inner monologue. So, this method can be used not just for dialogues, but for writing in general. Dan Brown: Shift from mental to physical activity. The author of the famous Da Vinci Code says that standing on his head (or maybe hanging upside down?) helps him relax and get into a more creative state of mind. He also does pushups every half an hour, when writing. So, why wouldn’t you do the same? It sounds like a good habit to follow. Of course, these habits alone can’t improve your writing, or make you a great author. It’s even likely that none of them will work for you. The main idea is that every writer has their own unique ritual, habit, or trick, helping them to write more productively. You can try them out too, but the best thing would probably be to develop some peculiar writing habit on your own. Perhaps you ever need online custom writing help from academic experts? You are always welcome to contact our writing company.

Comparison between the Indiana Constitution and the United States Essay

Comparison between the Indiana Constitution and the United States Constitution - Essay Example The United States Constitution has 7 articles whereas the Indiana Constitution has 16 articles. There are similarities in the articles; each article has sections that elaborate it further. Some articles discuss the same content such the legislative, the judicial and the executive. Differences in the articles: the order in which the article appear is not similar; in the Indiana Constitution the first article is the Bill of Rights whereas in the United States Constitution, the first article is The Legislative Branch. In Indiana Constitution, the Bill of Rights is located in Article 1 and in the United States Constitution the Bill of Rights is located in the Amendments. There are some similarities in the rights explicated; for example, there is right to freedom of press, expression and religion, the right to trial by a jury in a civil case and the quartering of soldiers. Rights not held in common: the right to no slavery or involuntary servitude is not held in common by the two constitutions; Indiana Constitution considers it as a Bill of Rights. In the Indiana Constitution, the distribution of powers is found in Article 3 whereas in the United States Constitution the distribution of powers is found in Articles 1, 2 and 3. Article 3 of the United States Constitution describes the Supreme Court and Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution describes the Supreme Court. Similarities in the article; all the judicial powers are vested in the Supreme Court. Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution gives a thorough description of the roles of the people in the judiciary; the United States Constitution does not. Amendment to the Indiana Constitution is proposed by any branches of the General Assembly. In the United States Constitution, proposal to the amendment of the Constitution can be done when two thirds of each of the houses finds it necessary. The United States Constitution has been amended

RADIUS Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RADIUS Implementation - Essay Example By using RADIUS, every access and authentication to a company’s network applications are controlled by the RADIUS server, which serves as a functioning host (Harrington, 2005). As a systems administrator, one of my major duties is ensuring that the company’s network system is running smoothly and that any technical glitches are fixed immediately to prevent further delays in the execeution of tasks that may cause the company to lose money. Therefore the vast logging capabilities of RADIUS will be very beneficial in ensuring that I am able to ensure that the optimal conditions of the network system are maintained, courtesy of RADIUS’ capacity to map out an audit trail of the network system. This will enable me to analyze logging files for billing and security purposes. There is growing need for improved security measures in order to restrict intrusion and restricted entry to a company’s network environment. This has led to the development of new viruses and other malicious programs and software aimed at disrupting company functions, thus requiring a system that can adapt to these changes. RADIUS offers a long lasting solution to the evolving network environment by adopting a server that utilizes modifiable stubs. Simply, the RADIUS server adapts itself to an individual network and can expand to provide other security services. According to Cache et al., the Network Policy Server found in Windows Server 2012 possesses some features that are compatible with RADIUS, especially in relation to the company’s network environment. One of the characteristics includes its ability to ensure the migration of NPS configuration settings for RADIUS servers and clients. The configuration settings capacity also extends to shared secrets which can be migrated the Network Policy Server (Cache, 2007). Morimoto argues that the basic reasons for implementing RADIUS is in order for supporting

Historical Background Of Hamas Essay Example for Free

Historical Background Of Hamas Essay Terrorism, like wars, threatens humanity. However, there are some intriguing issues that are tied up with terrorist groups without undermining underlying motivations in their formation. For instance, there are definitely causes for their emergence and this is their history. A case in point is HAMAS, an organized group categorized in current time as a terrorist group. This paper will assert to present the brief historical background of Hamas necessarily from four major driving forces namely: leadership and social structure, violence, and external influences. It must be noted however, that due to the limited space and resources, this discourse found some gray areas, controversial ones, that need further documentary research and analysis. From the Arabic â€Å"Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya† is taken the acronym HAMAS, which translates into English as â€Å"Islamic Resistance Movement. † 1 Further, from the same source, the acronym HAMAS is itself an Arabic word which means â€Å"enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal, fanaticism. † Although the movement was organized much earlier, its acronym Hamas came into being in 1987 when it directed its efforts against the Israelis resulting from Intifada. There is consistency in the narrative that the movement emerged to be known as Hamas since it started as an offshoot of Muslim Brotherhood which was founded in Egypt in 1928. 2 However, Richard Sale, a UPI Terrorism Correspondent says that Hamas was legally registered in Israel in 1978. 3 Organizing Hamas was the idea of its spiritual leader Shiek Ahmed Yassin. Accordingly, from the same source, Hamas was not only funded by the oil-producing states but also controversially, both directly and indirectly by Israel. From the beginning of its organization, Hamas was led by its founder and spiritual leader Shiek Ahmed Yassin. He was assassinated on March 22, 2004 by a missile strike of Israel. 4 He was succeeded by Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi immediately but was also assassinated in less than a month on April 17, 2004 by an Israeli airstrike. 5 Because of the tragic experience with reference to the Hamas leadership, the members voted among themselves the next successor without disclosing the name for confidentiality purposes. Still from the same source, it is suspected that Mahmoud al-Zahar is the successor of Rantissi. From the sources read, there was no indication at any point for the existence of power struggle among the members of Hamas in terms of leader selection. Mention however, was made to the fact that Hamas’s membership in the West Bank are coming from various groups with financial resources such as merchants, landowners, officials and professionals, all representing a substantial group in a higher socio-economic status. They dedicated themselves to help the grassroots and disadvantaged members of the Palestinian society. These included charitable services like clinics, kindergartens, and education6, runs schools, orphanages, mosques, health care clinics, soup kitchens and sports leagues. 7 Not stopping at welfare services, Hamas is also a movement that occupied itself with social concerns such as â€Å"exposing corruption, administration of waqfs (trusts) and organizing community projects†. 8 Analysis tells us that Hamas is not a movement that takes upon social struggle for their own survival financially speaking; they reach out to the poorer sectors of society. It is this discussant’s assumption that in spite of the composition of the organization’s membership who could have clashed for leadership, there was no leadership conflict because of the trustworthiness of leadership and the corrupt-free culture of the movement. Its founding leader Shiek Ahmed Yassin (Hamas Had a Long History of Conflict with Israel) was a preacher himself, meaning a religious person, and under his leadership the group did many social welfare and social services at the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Interestingly, Shiek Ahmed Yassin was a quadriplegic who could not move his body or his limbs yet he remained at the leadership of the Hamas until his assassination in 2004. 10 In spite of Yassin’s demise, Hamas gaining popularity among the people grabbed political victory over Fatah in 2006, the party of the late Yasser Arafat and later, of its President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestine Authority. 11 How Hamas became a terrorist group was a consequence of events. It is said that Israel was doing its recruitment of young Palestinians popularly referred to as the Intifada in 1987 and signaled the resort to violence by Hamas. Intifada was the upsurge of anger among Palestinian Arabs of the Gaza Strip and West bank that began in 1987 up to the early 1990s to demonstrate protest against Israel occupation of the two territories. The recruitment was taken by Hamas as collaboration with the Israelis and they used violence by beating those who were working with the Israeli government and later progressed to targeting Israel military then the civilians. 12 From then on, narratives of the Hamas violent and terrorist acts increased to become stories of terror. Buel says â€Å"Perhaps Hamas is best known for recruiting, training and arming suicide bombers. 13 Hamas since then has a countless number of terrorist acts committed highlighted by unthinkable suicide bombings. A number of external forces play significant roles in the Hamas Movement. To cite some, there is Palestine, the United States, the oil-producing states, Israel, the nations next to the borders of Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and recently, Iran. So urces have it that the formation, existence, and â€Å"creation† of Hamas are to some degree also the responsibility of Israel. 14 From the 1970s and on to the 1980s, Israel, like the Arab oil-producing states were supportive both directly and indirectly to Hamas. It was not much of the social welfare functions that Hamas was doing that Israel was supporting them. They had other interests for Hamas. First, Israel’s support to Hamas was an attempt as a â€Å"counterbalance to the PLO† (Palestinian Liberation Organization) spearheaded by the late Yasser Arafat believed to be a leftist, as a â€Å"direct attempt to divide and dilute support for a strong, secular PLO by using a competing religious alternative†. 15 Second, Israeli needed Hamas â€Å"to help identify and channel towards Israeli agents Hamas members who were dangerous terrorists†. 6 Third, Israel wants to deal with the United States as being the only democratic country in the region. 17 The oil-exporting countries are no longer in the picture whether they are still supporting Hamas or not anymore. The countries lying next to the borders of Gaza Strip and the West Bank, directly or indirectly will continue to be affected by the fate of Palestine versus Isra el. The most recent external force is the claim that Hamas is an â€Å"Iranian-backed terrorist organization founded in 1988 with the stated aim of destroying Israel†. 8 This development is a shift from the former reputation of Hamas as a social welfare movement. Iran has come into play in the picture. Hamas’s charter which was published in 1988 opens with the statement â€Å"Israel will rise and remain erect until Islam eliminates it as it had eliminated its predecessors†. 19 Moreover, still from the same source, it is said that the guiding principles of the group â€Å"rejects peaceful efforts to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and calls for the destruction of the State of Israel through jihad, or holy war. Hamas considers all of Israel to be occupied territory. † Hamas started as a charity movement helping the needy and a large sector of the population of Gaza Strip and the west Bank. It was organized as a movement by members of the middle class in Palestine society to address the social needs of the people. Their popularity as a helping movement was translated into their political victory in 2006 over Fatah, the long time ruling party of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. Later, it evolved, although still maintaining its charitable nature, to go violent against the Israelis due to the past bloody encounters and experiences they had with the Israelis. For instance, many of the high ranking officials of Hamas were killed by Israelis or their instrumentalities. Hamas as stipulated in their charter stands on its principle that no dialogue will succeed on their differences versus Israel; it is through violence that they will succeed. The United States being the forerunner of democracy and under the new phenomenal leadership of Obama could be a promise of peace or a continued war between Israel and Palestine. As the nations of the world continue to tackle global peace, the rest of us can pray for peace to reign on our only planet, the Earth.

how jails came to be in america :: essays research papers

The Long and Winding Road: How Jails Came to Be in America [The guards here believe that] the tougher, colder, and more cruel and inhuman a place is, the less chance a person will return. This is not true. The more negative experiences a person goes through, the more he turns into a violent, cruel, mean, heartless individual, I know this to be a fact – Annonymous Prisoner, â€Å"The Trauma of Prison Rape† (Manner 130) The prisoner described the truth of jails as he is experiencing them now, while the original Quaker intentions had something much different in mind. The Quakers, who were led under William Penn, were the first group to set up an institutionalized system in the United States that dealt with punishment. Since the original plans were developed for the prison system, the goal and intentions have been reformed time and time again. Although jails are supposed to be a place of rehabilitation, the reality is that they are actually a hotbed for spurring criminals more violent then when they were first admitted. Before jails were even implemented in America, the colonists had quite a different approach to punishment that led to how jails came to be. The original outlook of criminals came from the Colonists religious belief that criminals were sinners who were workers of the devil. The Colonists felt they had to be protected from devil’s workforce and therefore criminals must have their name run into the ground, be cast out of the town, or in the most extreme cases be hung. Before the Colonists accepted institutions, they looked to public humiliation as a means of correcting the lesser criminals. The harsher punishments, such as death, were given to people who were believed to be beyond redemption. But, with growing populations due to industrialization of cities townspeople grew less and less known to one another. With less recognition between citizens the thought of public humiliation as a punishment was weakening as a threat. On top of that, people were beginning to grow weary that c apital punishment may have been too barbaric and overall ineffective. Yet, the colonists were still not completely convinced to utilize jails. The hesitation was a result of the community feeling that most men were not salvageable and institutionalizing them would only be rewarding. Although, this conception began to unravel in the late 1600’s when the Pennsylvania Quakers came up with a plan that would eventually be accepted.

Importance of Accounting Ethics Essay

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that judge human beings on wrongs and rights concerned with the nature of value and the standards by which human actions can be judged .The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. Accounting is the mechanism that offers information regarding the financial position of the organization or business. This type of information is critical to investors as it provides them with important and detailed information that could turn out to be the determining factor as to their decisions to invest or not to invest in a particular organization. Accounting in business is one of the most important departments. Ethical and professional accounting forms a clear financial image of a business, and allows managers to make informed decisions, keepsinvestors abreast of developments in the business, and keeps the business profitable. (Osanyin, 2008) In accounting, there is the professional ethics that guides the accounting profession. Accountants are expected to adhere to the set ethical standards which are designed to ensure that they behave in a way which is ethical and consistent. For most professional accounting organizations, accountants are certified in order to comply with ethics and they are stripped off their certificates if they fail to abide with ethical codes. Therefore, it is common to find unethical behavior in accounting profession. Some of the forms of unethical behavior in accounting are, Providing erroneous information regarding expenses incurred in business Giving out false information on expenses purposely is unethical. In accounting profession, the accountant should always provide the correct information regarding any expenses as failure to do so make the financial status of the business to be false. This affects the profit and loss reports of the business and consequently affecting the performance of the business in the long run. Exaggerating business revenue In accounting practices, all revenue in the business should be reported correctly as this can hurt investors in the company, the tax payers who may be caught up in governments bail outs and the workers at the company. By showing the correct revenue generated, this reflects the true financial position of the company. Misuse of business funds Accountants access most of the funds in the organization and it is unethical to misuse them. This can lead to the closure of the business and eventually leads to the loss of jobs and investments. Accountants should never misuse business funds and if they use it should be reported in the books of accounts and debited clearly. Some of the reasons why ethics is important in accounting are;- Confidentiality: People need to have confidence in accountants and the services they provide. Failure to do so leads to uncertainty in investors, shareholders and the work force in the organization. If the quality of the accounting is unprofessional this leads to low confidence with the stakeholders of the organization. Professional Competence: Ethics in accounting ensures that the accountants maintain professional knowledge and skills at the level required to ensure that a client or employer receives competent professional service. This is exhibited by acting diligently and in accordance with applicable technical and professional standards when providing professional services. So as to maintain law and regulations governing the accounting profession, accountants should always observe the professional ethics in their profession.

Newspaper article about possible war with Iraq Essay

The newspaper article I have written is about the possible war in Iraq which expressed my opinion. It is an article that is totally against war and is to inform the readers the main objections by persuading them that it is right not to have another war. I’m sure I am not the only one opposed to war in Iraq! The newspaper was aimed at teenagers and students alike. I felt that it was much easier to aim at this age group because I am a student myself so it’s like talking to your friends instead of addressing for example an older generation. The main points I want to get across were the American push for war in Iraq is illegal without UN backing, the Iraqi people have suffered enough, and the last thing they would want is another war. In this article, I am sometimes asking the reader a rhetorical question. Questions like ‘Why would the training be so intense if there wasn’t a war? ‘ It seems a bit obvious answer of yes because there were around 150,000 soldiers in the region at the time. As you read throughout, it seems like I ask the readers some question. I ask these questions because I want them to think about certain topics like America. For this topic I asked ‘Would you believe them? ‘ when I was referring to America is saying Iraq has weapons of mass destruction. The article was aimed for teenagers and students so most of the article’s language was easy to read and understand. The sentences were short and words were basic because if I put it too technical, they might not carry on reading it. I am a teenager myself so writing something aimed at them was easier than if I was writing for say a middle aged audience. You could say that it is more of a tabloid newspaper than a broad sheet one, this article is free and would be handed out to students who could pick them up from the college library maybe? The main theme for this article is against another war in Iraq so this is why I used in big and bold letter that reads out ‘Don’t attack Iraq! ‘ I did this so that it can catch the reader’s attention too. For example if they walked past and saw the title, they would be more likely to pick it up and see what it is about! In order not to confuse the reader, I have split the article in sections, the main article is about Iraq but some of the other sections include other threats, real reason etc. This layout makes it more easy to read and easier to understand than if I put everything under one subtitle. Plus I want people to know that behind the scenes America is trying something which they may not know so this layout would suit me getting that message across. When I did the first draft and got it handed back, I realised I made some mistakes with me going off the point. The main point was not to attack Iraq but I sometimes talked about other countries. This might have confused the readers and one more thing is that on the title it reads ‘Making you be heard’ but this isn’t true as I am expressing my own personal opinions so I changed that title to ‘Getting the Point Across’ instead. The article improved much from the first draft I did, the sentences were longer and had around 1600 for the last one which was way over the limit so now I have nearly halved it. I also made it more newspaper like because the last design I had lacked an attractive heading. The structure of this article was made to set out more like a newspaper as possible. I gave the newspaper a big title along the top, the writing was all in columns, some relevant pictures were included and so were the dates and price. I gave the reasons not to attack in bullet points at the beginning and rounded it all up with a conclusion which was called ‘Real Reasons’. The pictures used were there to make the newspaper look more colourful instead of having just text in there. One of the pictures was some soldiers but you could only see their shadows with rifles in the arms which look un-welcoming, another is a picture of Osama Bin Laden. He is the most wanted man on Earth and a lot of people recognise him so the article would stand out more. Word count: 772 without header and footer

Antonymy - Definition and Examples in English

Antonymy s in English The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with opposite meanings in certain contexts (i.e., antonyms). Plural antonymies. Contrast with synonymy. The term antonymy was introduced by C.J. Smith in his book Synonyms and Antonyms (1867). Pronunciation:Â  an-TON-eh-me Observations Antonymy is a key feature of everyday life. Should further evidence be required, try visiting a public lavatory without checking which is the gents and which is the ladies. On your way out, ignore the instructions which tell you whether to push or pull the door. And once outside, pay no attention to whether traffic lights are telling you to stop or go. At best, you will end up looking very foolish; at worst, you will end up dead. Antonymy holds a place in society which other sense relations simply do not occupy. Whether or not there exists a general human tendency to categorize experience in terms of dichotomous contrast ([John] Lyons 1977: 277) is not easily gauged, but, either way, our exposure to antonymy is immeasurable: we memorise opposites in childhood, encounter them throughout our daily lives, and possibly even use antonymy as a cognitive device to organise human experience. (Steven Jones, Antonymy: A Corpus-Based Perspective. Routledge, 2002) Antonymy and Synonymy For the better-known European languages at least, there are a number of dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms available, which are frequently used by writers and students to extend their vocabulary and achieve a greater variety of style. The fact that such special dictionaries are found useful in practice is an indication that words can be more or less satisfactorily grouped into sets of synonyms and antonyms. There are two points that should be stressed, however, in this connexion. First, synonymy and antonymy are semantic relations of a very different logical nature: oppositeness of meaning (love:hate, hot:cold, etc.) is not simply the extreme case of difference of meaning. Second, a number of distinctions have to be drawn within the traditional concept of antonymy: dictionaries of antonyms are only successful in practice to the degree that their users draw these distinctions (for the most part unreflectingly). (John Lyons, Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge Univers ity Press, 1968) Antonymy and Word Classes Oppositeness . . . has an important role in structuring the vocabulary of English. This is especially so in the adjective word class, where a good many words occur in antonymous pairs: e.g. long-short, wide-narrow, new-old, rough-smooth, light-dark, straight-crooked, deep-shallow, fast-slow. While antonymy is typically found among adjectives it is not restricted to this word class: bring-take (verbs), death-life (nouns), noisily-quietly (adverbs), above-below (prepositions), after-before (conjunctions or prepositions). . . . English can also derive antonyms by means of prefixes and suffixes. Negative prefixes such as dis-, un- or in- may derive an antonym from the positive root, e.g. dishonest, unsympathetic, infertile. Compare also: encourage-discourage but entangle-disentangle, increase-decrease, include-exclude. (Howard Jackson and Etienne ZÃ © Amvela, Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Continuum, 2000) Canonical Opposites [W]hile antonymy is variable (i.e., context dependent), particular antonym pairs are often canonical in that they are known without reference to context. . . . For example, the color senses of black and white are opposed and so are their racial senses and their good/evil senses as in white magic and black magic. Canonicity of antonym relations also plays a role in context-specific antonymy. As Lehrer (2002) notes, if a frequent or basic sense of a word is in a semantic relation with another word, that relation can be extended to other senses of the word. For example, the basic temperature sense of hot contrasts with cold. While cold does not usually mean legally acquired, it can have that meaning when contrasted (with enough context) with hot in its stolen sense, as in (9). He traded in his hot car for a cold one. (Lehrer 2002) For readers to understand the intended sense of cold in (9), they must know that cold is the usual antonym of hot. Next they must deduce that if cold is the antonym of hot, then no matter what hot is used to mean in this context, cold means the opposite thing. The stability of some such antonym pairs across senses and contexts is evidence that those antonymic pairings are canonical. (M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press, 2003) Antonymy and Word-Association Testing If a stimulus has a common opposite (an antonym), it will always elicit that opposite more often than anything else. These responses are the most frequent found anywhere in word association. (H.H. Clark, Word Associations and Linguistic Theory. New Horizons in Linguistics, ed. by J. Lyons. Penguin, 1970) See Also AntithesisVocabulary Builder #1: AntonymsWriters on Writing: Ten Tips for Finding the Right Words

What Type Of Content Creator Are You - CoSchedule Blog

What Type Of Content Creator Are You Blog We spend a fair share of time talking about the different types of content you could create.  Lists. Infographics. Video. Interviews.  That seems to be the pressing question for busy content marketers: what kind of content should I create? But what if your content were like a blood type, and there were some people who were better matched for one kind of content over another? If that were the case, the better question might be: what kind of content creator am I? What Type Of Content Creator Are You? A Visual Guide To Your Copywriting Identity viaKnowing what type of content creator you and members of your team are will help you better match up who writes what on your editorial calendar. 1. The Teacher A  teacher is someone whose ultimate goal is to help others both learn and put into practice all that they need to accomplish a specific goal. A teacher has the ability to break down an idea or task into the incremental parts that will build on each other. They carefully choose the words, exercises, worksheets, examples, and illustrations in order to not confuse, but to allow their students achieve a bit of success at each level so they have the confidence to keep going and get to the end. Signs you might be a teacher: You love writing step-by-step articles. You maintain help or FAQ documentation as well as write marketing content. Your headlines often start with How To. You love creating screenshots that illustrate procedures. Why we love teachers: Teachers write the posts that are often the winning search result when were desperate to figure something out. Those long-tail searches such as how do I remove the time stamp from my WordPress post or how do I do a 301 redirect in .htaccess will take you to a classic teacher post. The weaknesses of teachers: Teachers are excellent at showing and telling you how to do something, but they dont always tell you why you should do it. For people who need to be convinced first, usually with facts and data, a teaching post isnt going to be enough. They have another first stop to make, and thats someone who convinces them it needs to be done. 2. The Insider An insider is that intriguing person who has the gift of pulling back the curtain to reveal the hidden secrets and inner workings of something. Only they have the access and understanding, and so only they are qualified to reveal and discuss it. They help put what is otherwise confusing or new into context and explain what it means. Signs you might be an insider: You work in an industry people are clamoring to understand or be a part of. You frequently refer to and share your own data to prove a point. You share what your company is doing, and why, to prove a point. Why we love insiders: Insiders are all about exclusivity and curiosity. They have secret knowledge that we want access to, and we are thrilled when they share it. When an insider is part of a company or brand that we admire or that is experience success, the information they share is especially relevant. Readers  want to learn by example, emulating success. Others prefer the proof of we did it and it works to all the theoretical data in the world. Insiders answer both kinds of readers. The weaknesses of insiders: Because their focus is so much on what they know, and what worked for them, it is easy for insiders to forget that their experiences and data cant always be used across the board for everyone in every situation. The best insiders acknowledge this, but others trumpet and sell their insider knowledge as if it were broad knowledge and indisputable fact. 3. The Outsider The outsider is a questioner. He asks questions of those in positions of power and authority both to test their mettle and see if their content actually holds water outside of the protected realm they operate in, but also because he genuinely wants to know and currently doesnt. Signs you might be an outsider: Your first reaction to content is is that really true? You frequently try to replicate data others promise will work to see if it does. Your content is the go-to source for people who want to know if its BS or not. Why we love outsiders: They ask the hard questions, and brave the sometimes unpleasant responses, that we are afraid to ask. They probe, pick apart, test, and sometimes prove, helping us better believe what were reading without those nagging doubts on whether were being told a fast one. They do the testing to see if an idea holds water, saving us the time. And they do it without having a conflict of interest. The weakness of outsiders: Its easy for an outsider to become a curmudgeon, someone whose content is based solely on being disagreeable and seeking to prove other content creators wrong or make them look foolish. 4. The Expert An expert knows pretty much everything. In her niche, at least. She is the one people turn to for advice, the one whose blog sifts through all of the noise. This expertise comes from actual experience. She practices what she preaches, because she was practicing it long before she started preaching it. Signs you might be an expert: You find yourself writing content to clarify or correct wrong information youve run across. You can whip out fantastic 1,000+ word blog posts with little trouble on a few select topics. You often write from what you already know in your head, illustrate with your own experiential anecdotes, and write the content others refer to in their posts. Other content marketers often reference your content as their own research material. Why we love experts: Experts are the college professor, who teaches far beyond the basic how to method. We love to ride the coattails of their experience and subsequent knowledge without having to go through the trenches they went through to get to their level of expertise. The weakness of experts: Sometimes experts assume everyone knows as much as they do. Thats fine if their audience is other people with a similar level of understanding and experience, but most of us arent experts in everything. Experts can sometimes forget to find a way to share their knowledge in a way that readers can not only understand, but put to good, practical use. 5. The Newbie The newbie is the opposite of experts. He knows very little, has just gotten started, and is both excited as well as concerned about the learning curve. Newbies create content that they may, in the future, look back on in horror. What was I thinking? Signs you might be a newbie: You find yourself doing online searches of acronyms and jargon you find in the content you read because you dont know what they mean. The content you create tends to talk about how you just started, what you hope to achieve, the process of content creation and what youre discovering about it, and open ended questions. You often write curated posts, sharing other content youve found to be helpful with your own newbie audience. Why we love newbies: Newbies are very enthusiastic, and they have a way of banishing our content creation doldrums with questions that make use feel good. We can answer their questions, they are appreciative, and they actually seem to read what youre writing. When the newbie writes, they bring fresh eyes to the topic, without being jaded. They havent succumbed to the jargon or buzzwords that others in their niche may have. The weakness of newbies: Newbies dont always last long in the content marketing world, where blogs often die within three months. They also ask questions weve answered, neglecting to do their own research and reading in favor of pelting experts and anyone that will listen with questions or requests for advice. 6. The Observer With a detached eye, hovering at the edge of the action, the observer takes note. She  writes with a birds-eye approach to things, providing the bigger picture, or putting a topic into context so we get a bit more meaning out of it. She has a way of understanding a topic, an event, or a piece of content that allows her to explain it from the outside, not delving too deeply into detail but providing a good foundation. Her goal is to make us think, make us curious, and make us go digging for answers ourselves. Signs you might be an observer: You write about topics in first person often. You curate content, prefacing and repackaging it for your readers so they understand it differently. You often introduce new topics or concepts to your readers. Your posts are usually less than 1,000 words. Why we love observers: Observers help us get our perspective back. When we create content, we are necessarily focused on our audience and our niche that we start to lose an understanding of where our content fits in the larger ecosystem. Observers have the ability to note when something is sliding off the rails, when things have taken a wrong turn, or to connect seemingly unrelated content together to create new meaning. The weakness of observers: Observers spend so much time on the outside they never really gain a deep grasp of topics. Without a good understanding of a topic, their observations can be completely off. If they arent careful, observers can quickly turn into nothing more than critics. 7.   The Cryptographer The cryptographer has plenty of knowledge about a subject, but dispenses it under great control. He speaks in circles and in vagueness, not wanting to reveal everything to his audience easily. He has a vast amount of knowledge, and shares just enough of it to whet appetites. He has a business to run and doesnt give away his best content without a price. Signs you might be a cryptographer: Your calls to action are necessary if the reader wants a conclusion to your content. You use big promising words in marketing-esque copy for much of your content. Above all else, the first thought you have when creating content is how can I convert readers? Why we love cryptographers: We dont, really, unless theyre an excellent storyteller and marketer who can write copy that naturally flows towards a call to action that offers something truly of value. The weakness of cryptographers: Cryptographers are generally problematic.   The key pieces to the information and knowledge that should be shared in the content are tucked behind a pay wall or a forced download. If you want anything out of the guy, you absolutely must play along. Some cryptographers are excellent at the promise of big things, but when you finally do relent and give an email address for an ebook, its nothing new. 8. The Convincer The convincer is a natural salesman. She is here to convince you, whether on how to think about a topic or how to act. Her content is full of powerful (and useful) research that, after reading, leave her audience in no doubt that she is correct. Signs you might be a convincer: You spend much time digging into research from reliable and unique sources. You use stories and anecdotes in your content that have a moral to them. You end blog posts with a call to action that prompts readers to act on their new belief. You write blog posts with titles that start with Why You Should Why we love convincers: Convincers can get the ball rolling on a new idea. They dont just observe it or announce it, they convince people it is true and provide the research to back it up. They provide the proof to use in our own content or discussions. They inspire us, and get us excited about a new idea. The weakness of convincers: When a convincer is wrong, it doesnt matter how great she is. Shes still wrong. Convincers are also prone to sound bites that they use to prove a point, willingly taking information out of context. Killer Content Creator Combinations Most of us are a combination of these content creator types.  When assembling your content marketing team, you might want to take these into  consideration. You dont want all teachers or all insiders. You need a good mix. What are some great combinations, for your team or for yourself? Here are just a few: Teacher + Expert = Content that creates more experts. Observer + Insider = Brings context to complex proprietary data. Convincer + Cryptographer = Builds email lists or sells services rapidly. Outsider + Observer = Brings checks and balances to the content of an industry. Newbie + Convincer = Gets more people interested in starting. Insider + Teacher = Helps people learn to replicate the real success of a business. What do you think would be killer combinations?

Microbes and Us Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microbes and Us - Essay Example They are capable of utilizing diverse sources of carbon and nitrogen; and have an efficient energy metabolism (Hobson and Stewart, 15). The fermentation products in a glucose medium are succinic, formic and acetic acid (Bryant et al., 18). They are generalists capable of degrading a many carbohydrates except celluloses. Degradation of starch due to amylase activity converts starch into maltose and maltodextrins. The ÃŽ ±-amylases breakdown the carbohydrate chain randomly. Polysaccharides such as xylans and pectins present in plant cell walls are also degraded by caboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activity due to both extracellular and intracellular CM-cellulases and pectinases. The xylanase activity of the P. ruminicola has been attributed to multiple xylanase genes encoding endoglucanase, endoxylanase and oxygen sensitive exoxylanase activity (Gasparic et al., 2958) while proteolytic ability is due to a unique dipeptidylpeptidase activity (DAP1) (Hobson and Stewart, 15). It helps overcome lack of free transport of amino acids in the cell (Mackie & Morrison, 7). Obligate anaerobes P. ruminicola are among the most abundant (19%) of the rumen and hind gut microbiota cattle and sheep (Hobson and Stewart, 15). P. ruminicola are also indigenous population of human oral cavity and surface (Haraldsson, 23). As a consequence of the symbiotic relationship of P. ruminicola along with other similar microbes with the ruminants, the latter are able to derive nutrition from the herbaceous materials made of starch and hemicelluloses. Further due to the proteolytic activity of P. ruminicola low quality protein sources ingested by the host animal are converted into high quality microbial cell proteins that are then made available to the host animal. 3. Gasparic, A, et al. "A xylan hydrolase gene cluster in Prevotella ruminicola B14: sequence relationships, synergistic interactions, and oxygen sensitivity of a novel enzyme with exoxylanase and